Friday, April 8, 2011

Bhromon- Ojanar Khonje

 
 
Bhromon manei ojana ke jana, se je bhabei hok….. soto badha atikrom kore notun er khoj suru hoyechilo onek kal age. Obosso, Bangalira je ghurte bhalobase, se kotha r notun ki, choto khato chuti pelie Puri ba Digha legei ache. Bhromon sonsthar jake bole “regular customer” seta bodhai bangalirai. Tobe ei desh dekhar pichone j bisal oitihasik ghotona ache tar kichuta amra prai sobbai school e thaka kalin porchi, jemon Vasco-Da-Gama r Bharat abiskar ba Columbus er America.
Modho juge byabsar tagide Europe -e arombho hoyechilo ei pipasa, kintu tar songe dekha jai gyaner pipasa o kom chilona. Sotti kotha bolte ki,tader bigyan sommoto dharona guli tader porjotone ke jothartho korechilo.

Manuser modhe bohukal dhore ekta koutuhol chilo prithivir akar niye, se somoikar budhijibira tader nirikhon ba “observation”, er opore chinta dharona k simito rakhten, kintu seta hoto “empirically defective”, tar sob theke soja udahoron holo, prithivi naki chapta. Arthath ekjon jodi hatte thake prithivir ek kon theke tahole ek sthan e giye se dhopas kore kothao ekta pore jete pare.

Ei chintar poriborton hoi Crusade er pore, Jerusalem hoye othe prithivir modho sthan karon Jisu k eikhane crus bidho kora hoyechilo. Ekti map toiri hoi jekhane Mediterranean, Don o Nile nodi prthivi k tin anse bhag kore- Asia, Africa r Europe.  Ei map tir nam hoi “ T-O map”. Tokhon bisas kora hoto eishwar manush k sabdhan kore diyeche doitoo r danob der theke, jader bas ei map tir prante , tai manush jano ei anka gondir baire na jai. Bes kichu bochor bade r navigator ra ekta map toiri kore , “Portolan Charts”. Ei manchitrer bisesotto holo manush ja dekhto tai khub nikhut bhabe map tite nirdharon korto, tai ekta jaigar simana khub sposto bhabe fute uthto. Porjotok der kache ei duto manchitro hoye othe guruttopurno.

Ponchodos satabdi te  ek amul poribortan ase jokhon Byzantine Empire theke Europe e Ptolemy-r bhugol er boi pawa jai jeti dwitiyo satabdir. Tobe aschorjer  bapar holo, ei map e 8000 jaiga nirdisto chilo. Emonki Europe, Asia o Uttor Africar bhougulik abasthar biboron o ache. Tobe ei map ti teo bhul chilo karon Ptolemy eikhane prithivi k “spherical” dekhiyechilen.


Church, jar adhipotto ponchodos satabdite Europe- e churanto matrai chilo tar hatei chilo ei somosto tathyar chabi. Ebong church nijer subidhe moto tathya ti manipulate korten. Tai ekotha bole dite hoe na j church tar probhab bistar korar jonne anek bhul tathyakeo manten ebong sadharon lokeder ta mante badho kora hoto. Ptolmy Aristotle –er “law of physics” theke anupranito chilen, tar oporei bhitti kore uni bolen prithivi universe er modhom sthole. Church jano lufe nei ei bisleson, karon tara bisas korten manush eshwer er sristi tai tar sthan eshwer er porei. Ebong sei ek e karon e prithivi universe er modhe jehetu manuser bas sekhane.

Otoebb church er sommoti thakar karone ei tothyati challenge korte keu pareni emonki Portolan map keo grohon kore newa hoi. Tobe ei map tir modhe Mediterranean-er upokulborti jaiga gulike poriskar kore dekhano hoini. Church eo bolechilen jodi poschim dike jawa jai tahole Asia te pouchabe. Kintu, Columbus sei rasta dhorei jokhon America abiskar kore falen, tokhon church stombhito hon. Tar agei Portuguese ra Africa r upokol khunje pai ebong kromoso ektar por ekta notun desh uthbhabon hote thake. Ei sob er modhe diye Ptolemyr bhul gonona prokas hoi, tar sathei khoi hoi church er to diner odhikar.

Vasco Da Gama Bharat abiskar er pothe 170 jon lok k jahajer nabik hisebe niyog koren tar modhe 10 jon chilo pran donde dondito asami. Ei 10 jon asami k niyog korar karon chilo tader diye bipod sonkul kaj korano. Portugal er Lisbon sohor theke  8th july, 1897 sale jatra suru kore Vasco Da Gama, Africar Cape of Good Hope k chariye  Mozambique pouchan. Gama obak hoye jai sekhankar byabsa banijjo dekhe , tara  Bharatiyo drobyo kena bencha korto Europe er sona rupor poriborte . Gama bisas korte pareni, je rastata tader ekta satabdi lege gelo khunjte sei rastai ei byabosahira bohu satabdi dhore banijjo kore choleche. Vasco Da  Gama obak hoye jan jene ,ei byabsahi ra mousumi bayur probahe jolopothe poschim Bharat e banijjo korte jai , o biporit bayur probahe abar fire ase. Sei anusare, 1495 er 20 May Gama Bharat e pouchan.

Somoyer sathe aro notun deser thikana pawa jai, tader samaj , lok, dharma sob alada. Ekta “revolution” moton bapar hoye darai, ebong church k manush bar bar prosno korte thake. Tader chiroporicito bhab dharona palte jai, prithivir akar j gol ta sosthodos satabdi te onker madhome  promanito hoi. Ebong “Scientific Revolution” er suchona hoi ei brhomon gulir modho diye.

Renaissance-er modho diye, manuser modhe "individualism" k gurutto dewa hoi, se nijer echai  soto badha otikrom korte pare tate “Divine Intervention” bole kichu nei, seti chilo kebol church-er  ek hatiyar ,manush k dabiye rakhar. Tobe sei  astro britha, tar proman pawa jai manuser koutuholi syabhab ebong anusondhaner echa, jar sahajje tara char dewaler baire chole jete perechilo.

Bhromon er kotha bolte gele Bharat e asa china porjotok Fa Hien ba Hieun Tsang ro oneker kothai bola jai, tobe tara desh k janar jonno esechilen. Kintu Europe-er porjotok ra byabsar songe songe, purono dhyan dharona k bhenge ojanar khonje ghor chere beriyechilen.